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The primary goal of this technical note is to guide the user through the accessory selection process for different specular/ diffuse samples. This will be achieved by measuring identical samples with varying contributions of diffuse and specular reflection, on three different reflection accessories, and then comparing the spectra generated.
Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is an important technique for materials checking at various stages of the manufacturing process, but is particularly useful at the raw materials inspection stage. Raw materials come in a variety of physical forms including liquids, gels, and solids, requiring a versatile instrument with convenient, interchangeable sampling modules to cater to the entire range of raw materials encountered.
Herbal lifestyle products are widely used as alternatives to medicines around the world, with as many as 80% of people using them as a primary source of healthcare in developing countries. These treatments are commonly regarded by scientific papers, and on some occasions the media, as being inferior to orthodox treatment. This is due to the variation between herbal formulations which will not be present in so called ‘single-chemical’ drugs. The reasons for the aforementioned variation involve several factors including storage, environmental conditions, handling and unintentional or intentional contamination (adulteration).
Cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy (CEAS) has similarities with the better known cavity ringdown technique (CRDS) which measures the signal decay as a laser pulse emerges through one of the mirrors after successive reflections. By measuring the increase in the rate of decay caused by an absorbing species, CRDS can measure ppb concentrations of small molecules. The ringdown technique has typically been applied to small molecules where the wavelength of a NIR laser source can be tuned across very narrow individual lines of the spectra. In contrast this report describes CEAS using a broadband source applied to larger molecules where the spectra are broader.
UV/Vis/NIR absorption spectroscopy has evolved to a very powerful characterization tool of carbon nanotube dispersions and has thus contributed a significant share to the insights on nanotube purity, functionalization and sorting that were elaborated the past years.
We evaluated a 3M® visible mirror film for potential use in a new curved photovoltaic module using a LAMBDA 950 spectrophotometer with an ARTA accessory. In this application, the 3M® film must transmit near-infrared photons to the underlying silicon solar cells (where they will be converted directly to electricity) while reflecting visible photons to the focus of the module where they may be absorbed by, for example a wavelength-agnostic thermal absorber used to drive a heat engine.
From the start of our busy days to the end, electricity is the life blood that keeps us going. We cook, heat, clean, light, work, communicate and are entertained all driven by electricity. The most common modes of generation are hydro, nuclear geothermal or fossil fuel powered. There is a clear need throughout the world to develop clean renewable sustainable sources of power to support growing economies and reduce our carbon footprint.
NIR Spectroscopy is a useful technique throughout various stages of the manufacturing process but is particularly useful for raw materials identification and verification. If the materials to be identified are spectroscopically dissimilar, it is often only necessary to use a simple distance measure such as a spectral difference for identification. If the spectra are similar, on the other hand, it may be necessary to use more sophisticated techniques which take into consideration both the intra- and inter-material spectral variation for identification and classification.
Infrared (IR) and near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy are fast, easy-to-use techniques with a history of being used for food applications such as those for measuring protein, moisture, and fat content. Food fraud and adulteration has become of particular concern to the industry over the past few years following reports of incidents in the media, with herbs and spices identified as one of the key problem areas.