PerkinElmer Inc.

Application Notes

Food Safety - Contaminants, Toxins, Pesticides, Antibiotics
Characterization of Fats in Cookies Using Power Compensation DSC - Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a useful technique for the characterization of food products.
Olive Oil Reference Book - Olive oil is the product of transformation obtained from the olive fruit (Olea europaea).
Assuring Safety of Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicines by Monitoring Inorganic Impurities using ICP-MS - For this study, the PerkinElmer ELANA® 9000 ICP-MS was used for the analysis of TCHM samples.
Analysis of Arsenic, Cadmium and Lead in Chinese Spice Mixtures using Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry - The objective of this work is two-fold: (1) to accurately analyze the levels of toxic heavy metals like lead, cadmium and arsenic that may be present in some major spice brands available in the local markets in China, by using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry (GFAAS); (2) to cross-reference these measured levels to the recommended limits specified by the U.S. FDA.
Analysis of Total Mercury in Chinese Spice Mixtures using Flow Injection Cold Vapor Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry - The objective of this work is two-fold: (1) to accurately analyze the total mercury levels that may be present in some major spice brands available in the local markets in China, by using cold vapor atomic absorption spectrophotometry (CVAAS); (2) to cross-reference these measured levels to the recommended limit specified by the U.S. FDA.
Analysis of the Mycotoxin Patulin in Apple Juice Using the Flexar FX-15 UHPLC-UV - This application note will demonstrate a rapid method for the identification and quantification of patulin in apple juice using high performance liquid chromatography with UV detection. In addition to method optimization and standard analysis, a number of apple juice samples for patulin were analyzed. The samples were randomly collected from the local market in Mumbai.
The Analysis of Baby Foods and Juices for Metals to Protect a Sensitive Population - This work will describe measurements of a variety of toxic metals at low concentrations in fruit juices and fruit purees. Sample preparation and the effect on detection limits will be described. Graphite furnace atomic absorption (GFAA) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) will be compared and an overall approach to analysis described.
Determination of Arsenic in Baby Foods and Fruit Juices by GFAAS - A complete method has been developed for the determination of arsenic (As) in baby foods and fruit juices by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (GFAAS). This method includes sample preparation steps using microwave assisted closed vessel digestion.
Metal Impurities in Pharmaceuticals and Dietary Supplements Implementing ICP-MS for USP 232 and Prop 65 - This work demonstrates a sample preparation procedure and analysis scheme which not only complies with the new proposed standards, but will take the modern analytical laboratory into the next decade.
The Determination of Lead in Calcium-Based Antacid and Dietary Supplements Using the NexION 300 ICP-MS System - This Application Note will investigate the use of the NexIONâ 300 ICP-MS system to determine lead in various antacids and dietary supplements. In particular, the Pb detection limit capability will be assessed, together with the ability to carry out spiked addition recoveries. Furthermore, long term stability data will be presented to show suitability for determining trace levels of lead in calcium-containing matrices in a high sample throughput environment.
The Determination of Metals in Dietary Supplements - In this note we will use inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to measure a variety of elements generally considered to be hazardous to human health at low to medium concentrations.
The Inorganic Analysis of Toys and Food for Safety - Reprinted from American Laboratory On-Line Edition. The analysis of a variety of food types and toys for inorganic contaminants will be examined in the context of U.S. regulations.
The Determination of Total Mercury in Fish and Agricultural Plant Materials Using Thermal Decomposition and Amalgamation Coupled with Atomic Absorption - This application note will focus on a rapid test method for determining mercury directly in food materials and agricultural crops using the principles of thermal decomposition, amalgamation and detection by atomic absorption described in EPA Method 7473 and ASTM Method 6722-01.
Analysis of Fish and Seafoods with AAnalyst 800 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer for Trace Metal Contamination, in Accordance with AOAC Methods 999.10 and 999.11 - In the present work, we demonstrate the ability of AAnalyst 800 atomic absorption spectrophotometer in analyzing a variety of fish samples.
Trace Elemental Characterization of Edible Oils with Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer - This paper reports the development of a simple method for the analysis of edible oil samples by using Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (GFAAS). Sample preparation has been done by using a microwave digestion system. Metals like Fe, Cu, Mn, Ni, Cr, As, Cd, Pb, Se and Zn were analyzed using the developed method.
Increased Throughput for the Determination of Synthetic Dyes in Beverages Using HRes Fast-LC Technology - In this study, an HRes fast-LC method was developed for the determination of typical dyes found in aperitif beverages, and was compared with a conventional chromatographic method.
Liquid Chromatography: Food Dyes - Chromatographic Conditions Liquid Chromatography Testing of BPA in Plastics - Simple and robust test methods are needed to determine the presence and amount of BPA in plastic materials. This paper will present the extraction and HPLC analysis of children's products for BPA.
Rapid Quantitation of Aflatoxins in Corn by HPLC with Kobra Cell Derivatization and Fluorescence Detection - This application brief describes a specific, robust HPLC method for the low-ppb detection of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2 in corn.
Reduced Solvent Usage and Increased Throughput for PAH Analysis Using UHPLC - Using Ultra High Pressure LC (UHPLC) with sub-2 ¼ particle-size columns, we demonstrate a 3-fold improvement in throughput and a 90% reduction of mobile phase solvent in the determination of 19 PAHs.
Screening for Melamine Adulteration in Protein-Based Foods by GC/MS - This paper presents a robust, efficient and definitive analysis of melamine and related analogues. The sample preparation, including extraction and derivatization, are discussed in addition to the optimized gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) method
Solid Phase Extraction and GC/MS Analysis of Melamine Adulteration in Dairy Products - This paper will present the modifications necessary to successfully analyze dairy products for melamine with GC/MS. Additionally, GC/MS analysis of the data will support the method modifications.
The Application of GC/MS to the Analysis of Pesticides in Foodstuffs - This paper outlines a GC/MS method, allowing for the quantification of low-level pesticides with SIM, while simultaneously performing quantification of higher concentrations using full-scan acquisition (SIFI single ion and full ion scanning). It also demonstrates the throughput benefits of fast GC oven cool-down.
Herbicides in Water Using GC/MS Laboratories monitoring trace level pesticides and herbicides by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) frequently utilize Selected Ion Recording (SIR) techniques to maximize analytical sensitivity for quantification.
The Preparation and Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Meat by GC/MS - This application note will present a method developed to measure 15 + 1 EU priority PAHs at low levels using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS). It will also describe a reliable procedure for extraction and purification of PAHs from meat samples.
Thermal Desorption-GC/MS Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons on Fine Particulates in Air - The method and data presented here will demonstrate the successful analysis of all 16 common Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by thermal desorption.
Determination of Furan in Food by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry and Headspace Sampling - This application note will demonstrate a rapid method for the identification and quantification of furan in food samples, using gas chromatography with headspace sampling and mass spectrometry. In addition to method optimization and standard analysis, we will analyze a number of food samples for furan.
GC/MS Analysis of Phthalates in Children's Products - This paper will discuss the sample preparation, demonstrate a calibration for common phthalates, and analyze plastic-toy components.
VOCs by HS Trap-GC/MS in Beijing Food Lab Article The Beijing Municipal Center for Food Safety Monitoring (China) was set up by the Beijing Safety Administration in early 2004 and assigned to provide technical support for food safety management for the Beijing municipal government and the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games.
LSC in Practice: Sample Preparation and Counting of Biological Samples -Radioactive counting of milk and other difficult matrices is described.

Quality/Conformance/Authenticity
Pomegranate Juice Adulteration - Pomegranate juice’s popularity has skyrocketed in the last 10 years. This has been due to a combination of the perceived health benefits of consuming the juice’s various antioxidant compounds (punicalagin, anthocyanins and ellagic acid) and it’s increased mainstream availability through western-based pomegranate producers.
Milk Authenticity – Organic vs Non-organic - With increasing concerns over contaminants in milk, both intentionally and unintentionally added, a growing number of people are switching to organic milk. This surge in popularity, coupled with high food and fuel prices, has caused shortages in the supply of organic milk. With demand therefore outstripping supply, and a gallon of organic milk costing anywhere from 25% to 100% more than conventional milk, the selling of conventional milk as organic is an attractive proposition to fraudsters. It is possible to measure hippuric acid levels in milk by DSA/TOF MS using a reference standard to ascertain relative concentrations (rather than using a calibration curve). There is also evidence that the hippuric acid levels could be used to ascertain whether cows have been feed an organic diet however a much wider study would be needed to prove this conclusively. This opens up the possibly to study for pesticides, growth hormones, antibiotics and organic diet in one instrument and therefore have a definite check for organic compliance.
Analysis of Fish and Seafoods with AAnalyst 800 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer for Trace Metal Contamination, in Accordance with AOAC Methods 999.10 and 999.11 - In the present work, we demonstrate the ability of AAnalyst 800 atomic absorption spectrophotometer in analyzing a variety of fish samples.
Analysis of Trace Metals in Drinking Water with the Optima 7000 DV ICP-OES - This work demonstrates that the Optima 7000 DV, a CCD detector-based ICP optical emission spectrometer in combination with a cyclonic spray chamber and MEINHARD® concentric nebulizer, is capable of determining extremely low concentrations of elements in drinking-water certified reference materials, with high speed, according to the requirements of various regulatory bodies.
Determination of arsenic in chloride matrices - The results of this study indicate that the ELAN DRC ICP-MS can significantly reduce the 40Ar35Cl+ background that occurs in chloride containing matrices, such as found in some foods.
Trace Elemental Characterization of Edible Oils with Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer - This paper reports the development of a simple method for the analysis of edible oil samples by using Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (GFAAS). Sample preparation has been done by using a microwave digestion system. Metals like Fe, Cu, Mn, Ni, Cr, As, Cd, Pb, Se and Zn were analyzed using the developed method.
Rapid UHPLC Determination of Common Antioxidants in Edible Oils - This application note will present a UHPLC analysis of edible oils to determine the type and amount of ten different antioxidants.
Analysis of Common Antioxidants in Edible Oil with the PerkinElmer Flexar FX-15 System Equipped with a PDA Detector - This application note will present a UHPLC analysis of edible oils to determine the type and amount of ten different antioxidants.
Determination of olive oil purity and degree of oxidation using the LAMBDA XLS - EEC Regulation 2568/91 (1991) outlines the method for measuring olive oil purity, using a UV spectrophotometric technique.
Analysis of Butylated Hydroxytoluene in Food with Headspace Trap-GC/MS - This application note will demonstrate a fast and easy analytical technique to determine the amount of BHT in foods. Headspace (HS) sample introduction is used because it provides a means to analyze food without any sample preparation.
Liquid Chromatography: Phenolic Antioxidants in Fatty Foods Analysis of Food-Packaging Film by Headspace-GC/MS - The manual process of cutting food packaging, placing it in a mason jar, heating the jar, and manually collecting a sample for GC analysis dramatically limits the number of samples that can be analyzed each day. The technique demonstrated here will greatly improve the efficiency and throughput of this analysis.
Thermal Desorption of Volatiles from Food Packaging Film - This application note describes a method for the determination of ethanol, isopropanol, ethylacetate, tetrahydrofuran (THF), n-propylacetate (NPAC), toluene and epoxy propanol (EP), present in trace quantities in a printed packaging film.
Advantages of Raman when analyzing through glass or polymer containers or in aqueous solution This application note discusses the significance of strong and weak Raman scattering materials in routine analysis. It highlights the advantages that Raman has over classical mid-FT-IR spectroscopy in the analysis of samples in glass or polymer containers or in aqueous solution.
High Sensitivity Measurements of Coatings With the Pyris 6 TGA - It is desired to have a means of characterizing the properties of coatings, such as used on food packaging, including degradation temperatures, stabilities and amount. One good means of testing the properties of coatings is with thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).
Importance of DSC Rapid Cooling for the Analysis of Plastic Microwave Food Trays - The complete study of the behavior of plastics, which are melt-processed, requires having a DSC instrument that is capable of rapid cooling to simulate and fully explore the properties of these materials.
DSC as Problem Solving Tool: Measurement of Percent Crystallinity of Thermoplastics - The assessment of a polymer's percent crystallinity (food packaging) can be most easily performed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) which measures the heat flow into or from a sample as it is either heated, cooled or isothermally maintained.
Determination of olive oil purity and degree of oxidation using the LAMBDA XLS - EEC Regulation 2568/91 (1991) outlines the method for measuring olive oil purity, using a UV spectrophotometric technique.
Dissolution of Gelatin Monitored by DMA - This application note describes the dissolution process of gelatin obtained from an empty pharmaceutical gelcap using a PerkinElmer® DMA 8000.
DSC as Problem Solving Tool: Measurement of Percent Crystallinity of Thermoplastics - The assessment of a polymer's percent crystallinity (food packaging) can be most easily performed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) which measures the heat flow into or from a sample as it is either heated, cooled or isothermally maintained.
Measurement of Tg of Polypropylene Using the PYRIS Power Compensation DSC - Thermal analysis provides an ideal means of characterizing the properties of polymers, including polypropylene. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a particularly useful technique for the characterization of polypropylene.
Classification of Samples of the Traditional Remedy "Chinese Goldthread" by FT-IR Spectrometry and AssureID Software - In this note, we show that FT-IR spectrometry combined with AssureID software and the COMPARE and SIMCA algorithms can be used to distinguish the raw and processed Coptidis Rhizoma samples.
Rapid Quality Control of the Traditional Remedy "Chinese Goldthread" by FT-IR Spectrometry - In this note, we show that FT-IR can be used to identify the existence of berberine in Coptidis Rhizoma samples and to distinguish Coptidis Rhizoma from Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex and Phellodendri Amurensis Cortex.
Quantitative Determination of Key Components in the Traditional Chinese Remedy "Red Flower Oil" by FT-IR Spectroscopy - In this note, we show that FT-IR spectroscopy is able to provide an accurate and precise determination of these three components with a very quick and simple measurement.
Rapid Quality Control for the Traditional Chinese Remedy "Red Flower Oil" by FT-IR Spectroscopy - In this note, we show that visual inspection of the FT-IR spectrum can yield important information about the quality of red flower oil with a total analysis time of a few minutes or less.
Increased Throughput for the Determination of Synthetic Dyes in Beverages Using HRes Fast-LC Technology - In this study, an HRes fast-LC method was developed for the determination of typical dyes found in aperitif beverages, and was compared with a conventional chromatographic method.
Liquid Chromatography: Food Dyes - Chromatographic Conditions Flexar SQ 300 MS. A reference notebook of LC/SQ MS Applications A variety of food and other applications are shown.
Using the D-Swafer to Investigate Solvent Impurities by Heartcutting GC/MS - This application note describes a heartcutting technique that allows the entire injected sample to reach the detector and yet resolve the issues with solvent-peak resolution and potential detector damage.
Brewing QC Applications Using Headspace Sampling-Gas Chromatography - Headspace sampling coupled with gas chromatography (HS-GC) is a widely used technique for the analysis of beer throughout the world. Four of the major HS-GC analyses that are typically performed at breweries are described here.
The Determination of Low Levels of Nitrosamines in Beer Using the Clarus 680 GC/MS and a D-Swafer System - In this application note, we present a more efficient and rapid method of analysis. It uses a fast and simple single-step liquid-liquid extraction technique followed by direct injection of the extract into a GC/MS system for separation and quantification.
The Determination of 2,4,6-Trichloroanisole in Wine using Headspace Trap with GC/MS - Wineries require a fast, reliable technique that can produce accurate and precise results for TCA analysis. The PerkinElmer® TurboMatrix Headspace Trap (HS Trap) with the Clarus® 500 GC/MS meets all of the requirements for TCA analysis.
Determination of Furan in Food by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry and Headspace Sampling - This application note will demonstrate a rapid method for the identification and quantification of furan in food samples, using gas chromatography with headspace sampling and mass spectrometry. In addition to method optimization and standard analysis, we will analyze a number of food samples for furan.
The Extraction and Quantification of Limonene from Citrus Rinds Using GC/MS - A method for the extraction and quantification of limonene from citrus fruit peels is discussed in this application note. Beyond demonstrating the use of GC/MS in the analysis of citrus fruit for limonene content, this application demonstrates a simple, inexpensive technique to introduce students to method development, calibration and quantification using a chromatographic technique.
Investigating the Destabilization of Solid Emulsions Using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) - Emulsions constitute an important product class in various industries including the food, chemical and pharmaceutical industries. As such, the kinetic stability of emulsions that is their ability to resist phase separation due to destabilization processes such as flocculation, coalescence, or Ostwald ripening is of key importance to manufacturers.
Better Quantitative Analysis of Chewing Gum with AutoStepwise TGA - It is desired to have a means of characterizing the composition of chewing gum for quality assurance purposes. One of the best means of detecting components in a complex formulation, such as chewing gum and other foods, is with thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).
Characterization of Fats in Cookies Using Power Compensation DSC - In this study, the fats associated with three different fillings of cookies were assessed: regular Oreo, reduced fat Oreo, and Oreo-like cookie with no hydrogenated (solid) fate.
Analysis of Common Sweeteners and Additives in Beverages with the PerkinElmer Flexar FX-15 System Equipped with a PDA Detector - This application note presents a fast and robust liquid chromatography method to test widely used artificial sweeteners such as acesulfame potassium, saccharine and aspartame.
Characterization of Moisture Content of Artificial Sweeteners Using TGA - One easy to use means of characterizing materials for moisture content is thermogravimetric analysis or TGA. The technique provides valuable information on composition, thermal stabilities, oxidative stabilities as well as kinetics or estimation of lifetimes.
Dissolution of Gelatin Monitored by DMA - This application note describes the dissolution process of gelatin obtained from an empty pharmaceutical gelcap using a PerkinElmer® DMA 8000.
High Sensitivity Volatiles Analysis by TGA - It is desired to have a high performance TGA instrument which is capable of reproducibly measuring such small weight loss events, which are on the order of 1% or less. The Pyris 1 TGA is a state-of-the-art instrument which provides the necessary high degree of performance for the quantitative measurement of small levels of volatiles, associated with polymers, electronics, pharmaceuticals and foods.
Prediction of Solid Fat Index (SFI) Values of Food Fats Using DSC - Because of the time consuming nature of the dilatometric SFI test, the use of faster techniques, including DSC and NMR, has been investigated. DSC represents a fast and convenient way to control processing and blending of fats by predicting the SFI values.
Use of DSC for the Characterization of Starches - Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a very powerful tool for the study of starches given its high sensitivity and ease of use.
Measuring the Thermal Denaturation of Proteins Using the Power Compensated DSC - PerkinElmer offers the high performance, power compensated Pyris 1 DSC for characterization of biotechnological materials, including proteins in solution.
Raman Spectroscopy of Edible Oils and Fats Raman spectroscopy is an ideal method for the analysis of edible fats and oils, which are composed of esters of fatty acids and glycerol.
Determination of Fragrance in Candle Wax Analysis of fragrances is important in many industries, including food and consumer products. This application describes the chromatographic analysis of fragrance alone and in a candle matrix.
TG-GC/MS Technology -- Enabling the Analysis of Complex Matrices in Coffee Beans Combining TGA with gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) allows for a more complete characterization of the material under analysis and precisely determines the products from the TGA.

Nutrition/Labeling
Fast Analysis of Fat-Soluble Vitamins Using Flexar FX-10 and Chromera CDS - This application note will present a fast and robust method for the determination of fat-soluble vitamins using UHPLC.
Increased Throughput Liquid Chromatography & Reduced Solvent Consumption for the Determination of Isoflavones by UHPLC - This application note will demonstrate a rapid method for the identification and quantification soy isoflavones using ultra high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC). This UHPLC method is nearly 10x faster, and saves 92% of the mobile phase solvent, compared to conventional HPLC methods.
The analysis of trace metals in fruit and juice products using a Dual-view Plasma How much of a nutrient metal (mineral) is present and is the product properly labeled, authentic, comply with trade laws, and safe to eat? Discussion of the major issues and analysis using ICP-OES are included in this note.
The Determination of Iodine in Food with the ELAN DRC-e ICP-MS - This work demonstrates the ability of the ELAN® ICP-MS to measure iodine in food samples.
The nutritional analysis of corn products - This report discusses an Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) method for the determination of NLEA metals and minerals in corn products.
The nutritional analysis of fruit juices - This report discusses an Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) method for the determination of NLEA metals and minerals in juice.

Agriculture
Analysis of Micronutrients in Soil by Using AA 800 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer - In the present work we compare the performance of Mehlich-I extraction with that of microwave digestion for the determination of several micronutrients in soil samples.
Analysis of Organic Fertilizers for Nutrients with AAnalyst 800 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer - The present work demonstrates the ability of the PerkinElmer® AAnalyst 800 atomic absorption spectrophotometer to analyze the micronutrients in several organic fertilizers. The results obtained from using the conventional AOAC Method 965.09 using dry ashing with a muffle furnace and EPA Method 3052, the official EPA method for the microwave digestion of siliceous and organic based samples, are compared.
Soil Extract Yellowing in Cocktail - Tips to improve the quality of radioactive counting in soil extracts.
FT-IR Imaging Study on Stoma of Limonium In this paper, the FT-IR images of the lower epidermis of a leaf are discussed.
FT-IR Imaging Data from Sectioned Tomato Seed Data indicating the distribution of molecules within thin sections of seeds is rapidly obtained using the IR imaging technique and this data is of such a quality that distribution images are easily generated.

Nanotechnology
Reference Library - Nanomaterial Scientific Papers & Applications

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