AxION 2 TOF MS

Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS) is commonly used to measure drugs and their concentrations in extracts of biological matrices. Triple quadrupole MS is often employed for targeted quantitative analysis, using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. Here, the intensity of product ions resulting from the collisionally induced fragmentation of a specified precursor ion is measured. Using MRM mode requires complex method optimization for each compound and the measurement is limited to targeted species. In contrast, time-of-flight (TOF) MS has higher mass resolution than quadrupole MS and allows for post-acquisition data interrogation of drugs and metabolites not originally specified in the experimental method. This latter process is not possible using triple quadrupole MRM data, which only records information on those species originally specified. This study was conducted to evaluate the performance of a quantitative LC/TOF MS method to detect 52 drugs and drug metabolites in human urine.

There is no standard method to quickly screen and confirm cathinones in bath salts. To address this issue, use of the AxION® Direct Sample Analysis™ (DSA™) integrated with the AxION 2 time-of-flight,mass spectrometer (TOF) (PerkinElmer, Waltham, MA) was implemented. Cathinone standards and bath salt samples were rapidly screened and confirmed in seconds by accurate mass and isotopic distribution of parent and fragment ions using DSA/TOF and AxION Solo™ software.

We present a study of PPCPs in river water samples from the northeastern United States using UHPLC-TOF-MS for both targeted and non-targeted analytes. Unlike a triple quadrupole, which is operated in multiple reaction monitoring mode for screening only predefined targeted analytes, the time-of-flight (TOF) mass,spectrometer provides full spectrum accurate mass data that can be used to analyze and identify an unlimited number of compounds, without prior knowledge of target analytes or when reference standards are not available. In this study we show how high mass accuracy information provided by the PerkinElmer,AxION 2® TOF along with the priopriatory AxION EC ID software can be used to identify unknown analytes in surface river waters.

Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) have the basic structure NR4. Those possessing R groups with long alkyl chains are known to be especially effective as antimicrobial agents and particularly useful for the disinfection of containers and surfaces.

Screening methods for drugs of abuse,currently require long chromatographic,methods and sample preparation or,immunoassay techniques (EMIT) with,confirmation by GC/MS or LC/MS/MS.

The patterns of organic components in olive oils relate to the geographic origin, cultivar and processing methods for the olives. In this study a statistical analysis of the chemical components of authentic monovariatal virgin olive oils from Spain was used to determine markers for the cultivars. These markers could be used to confirm the provenance and origins of olive oil samples. Different LC/MS methods were used to measure the levels of a large number of polar and non-polar organic components in the oils. Results from the separate analyses were combined with data fusion. A statistical comparison with the combined results improved the discrimination of cultivar groups, when compared to a single LC/MS analytical method.

Olives of different cultivars are used to produce oils with different particular flavors and stability. Oils of known cultivars from designated areas may be certified for authenticity, and are marketed internationally, commanding a price premium. This study reports on the measurement of the triacylglyceride composition of a large number of olive oils from known origins using a simple LC/MS method, together with statistical analysis of the results to find indicators for different cultivars. Such marker compounds could be used to test the authenticity of an unknown sample.

Extra virgin olive oil has been adulterated throughout history with less expensive oils such as soybean or hazelnut oil. Detecting adulteration is important for maintaining both the safety and consumer confidence of this product. This study reports on the measurement of the triacylglyceride composition of a large number of olive oils and other seed and vegetable oils using a simple LC/MS method, together with statistical analysis of the results to find indicators for different oil types.

LC/MS analysis showed that a number of non-endogenous compounds were detected in this urine.

Dietary supplement use is becoming more prevalent among adults. With this increased use there has been a concomitant rise in dietary supplement adulteration.

Polar components such as phenolic acids and lignans are present in olive oils. Secoiridoids; phenolics which include an elenolic acid moiety, are unique to the Olearaceae family. These compounds are known to have beneficial health effects due to their antioxidant properties and are associated with the organoleptic properties. Measuring the levels of these polar components in oils from different cultivars and geographic origins is of interest for nutritional and authenticity reasons. In this study a statistical analysis of the polar chemical components of olive oils was used to determine potential markers for olive cultivars. These markers could be used to confirm the provenance of unknown samples.

The EU Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) regulation was adopted in 2006 with the aim of protecting human and environmental health, along with the competitiveness of the chemical industry within the European Economic Area. The regulation places responsibility for chemical product evaluation and compliance on manufactures and importers, as opposed to the government.

In this application note, a method utilizing a PerkinElmer Clarus^® GC/MS for the analysis of 4,4’-Methylenebis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol), also known as Ethyl 702, is described. The method fulfills the REACH requirement by using the ammonia adduct ion to confirm the compound molecular weight. Improved analytical results were obtained using a mass flow control (MFC) mechanism for the regulation of the CI reagent gas flow.

This work highlights that screening, testing or real-time detection can be utilized to detect melamine-adulterated milk in a supply chain and that by determining where the sampling is taking place, who is carrying out the measurement and whether the testing is to meet regulation, will define which technology to use.

Presented is an alternative technique to quantitate benzodiazepines in plasma using a rapid protein precipitation method with a fast LC separation method in combination with TOF-MS.

Fibers originating from textiles in carpet, furniture, and clothing are often used as evidence at crime scenes. Fiber analysis is traditionally performed using various non-destructive techniques including optical microscopy, visible and infrared micro-spectrophotometry. Chromatography techniques such as poor resolving thin-layer chromatography or higher resolution HPLC with UV or diode array detection (DAD) can also be used for fiber identification. In this study, we show analysis of dyes extracted from fibers using UHPLC coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF MS), providing a more specific and sensitive technique. TOF MS provides a higher degree of discrimination between closely resembling dyes with similar functional groups of detection compared to UV or DAD detection using accurate mass measurements and isotope ratio confirmations. We also provide a method to build a database for forensic dyes using accurate mass and isotope profile information acquired from the time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometer along with the proprietary AxION® EC ID™ software.

The PerkinElmer AxION® Time of Flight (TOF), fitted with ADC detector technology, provides a wide dynamic range and is suitable for quantitative analysis of target along with qualitative screening of unknown compounds. In this application note we present a workflow for the testing and quantification of compounds in urine. The accurate mass and isotope ratios provided by the AxION 2 TOF MS along with retention time matching is used to identify and confirm the presence of both known and unknown target analytes without the need for fragmentation information.

Adulteration of fruit juices is quite common in the market place and is often done through juice substitution. Pear juice has a slightly lower market value than apple juice yet both have similarities in major chemical composition, making pear juice an ideal adulterant for apple juice. Both juices have similar carbohydrate, organic acid and amino acid levels, therefore the detection of apple juice adulteration with pear juice, based on these compounds, has limited applicability.

A variety of analytical techniques such as GC/MS, LC/MS, LC/UV, headspace GC/MS and stable isotope ratio analysis have been used to characterize vanilla bean extracts and detect its adulteration3-6. These measurement techniques are either expensive, time consuming, or both, and require extensive method development and sample preparation. In this work, we demonstrated that the AxION® Direct Sample Analysis™ (DSA™) system integrated with the AxION® 2 Time-of-Flight (TOF) mass spectrometer (DSA/TOF) can be used to detect contamination of vanilla bean extracts with tonka bean extracts with no chromatography or sample preparation, and within a few seconds.,

Olive oil and other oils are composed mainly of triacylglycerols. These molecules are derived from the esterification of three fatty acid molecules with a glycerol molecule. The main triglyceride in olive oil is triolein (OOO); whereas the main triglyceride in seed oils (soybean, corn and sunflower) is trilinolein (LLL). Therefore, the measurement of ratio of trilinolein to triolein in olive oil can be used as a way to detect its adulteration with soybean and other seed oils, such as corn and sunflower, which have a higher content of trilinolein and lower amount of triolein in comparison to olive oil3. Using this strategy with a Direct Sample Analysis™ Time-of-Flight mass spectrometry system (DSA/TOF), we detected adulteration of olive oil with soybean and corn oil. In the past, methods employing gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) hyphenated to MS (HPLC/MS) were implemented for this purpose.,

Pomegranate juice is in high demand due to its well documented health benefits. Studies based on a significant body of scientific research conducted on authentic pomegranate juice have,established that pomegranate juice has superior antioxidant activity compared to other popular fruit juices such as grape, orange and apple1,2,3. These superior health benefits have led to a meteoric rise in the popularity of pomegranate juice over the last 10 years. This has resulted in pomegranate juice having a significantly higher cost than other juices, especially in comparison to apple, orange and grape juice.

This reference notebook offers a diverse mix of forensic applications that specifically highlight the unique performance characteristics of the AxION 2 TOF and AxION DSA. Learn how our techniques and technology can screen, confirm and quantify various known and unknown sample types across a wide range of forensic and research applications.

Testing of opioids is most commonly done using the Enzyme Multiple immunoassay Test (EMIT). Immunoassays suffer from non-specificity as they can only identify a class of drugs and cannot identify the specific compound within the class. As an example an immunoassay SAMHSA panel screens for opiates such as codeine and morphine but would not detect opioids such as oxycodone, which is a semi synthetic compound. This lack of specificity can lead to false positive or false negative results, needing confirmation by techniques such as GC/MS.

We present a study for screening of opioids along with the quantitation of the drugs in urine using a time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometer (MS) for use in forensic laboratories.

This study used TIBCO Spotfire® statistical analysis to investigate whether whisky compound profiles are specific to regional origins. Malt whiskies contain a large number of compounds, which vary according to the local ingredients, fermentation, distillation and maturation processes.

We present an alternative technique to quantitate benzodiazepines in urine utilizing a rapid dilute and shoot LC method in combination with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF MS).

The AxION 2 TOF MS offers a broad array of capabilities designed to simplify and streamline virtually any analytical workflow. Whether your application places an emphasis on the instrument’s mass accuracy, full spectrum capability, speed, sensitivity,dynamic range, or all of the above, the AxION 2 TOF MS delivers exactly what you need to achieve confident, accurate results.

Designed for optimal flexibility and productivity, AxION® Solo™ streamlines the most complex LC/MS analyses by allowing you to define your own criteria and processing methods to find one or many substances by mass or formula. An intensity-driven heat mapping and graphical user interface provides superior visualization of results for quick interpretation and reporting. Whether you’re searching for single or multiple targets, AxION Solo allows you to take the fast, easy way to clear, confident analytical results.

From running an individual sample to managing a complete network of instruments and users, AxION® eDoor™ has the power to simplify every aspect of your laboratory operation. A robust yet intuitive open-access software, eDoor works with the Flexar™ SQ 300 MS to deliver reliable, high quality MS results no matter how complex your samples or workflows.

Melatonin is a hormone secreted by the brain to help regulate sleep. Since melatonin is found in certain foods, it can be sold as a dietary “over-the-counter” (OTC) supplement.

Forensic crime labs are responsible for the qualitative confirmation of drugs of abuse for use in court cases. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) has been the gold standard for confirmation of cocaine, procaine, and morphine in confiscated illicit drugs.

AxION 2 TOF MS Product Note

Designed for optimal flexibility and productivity, AxION® Solo™ streamlines the most complex LC/MS analyses by allowing you to define your own criteria and processing methods to find one or many substances by mass or formula. An intensity-driven heat mapping and graphical user interface provides superior visualization of results for quick interpretation and reporting. Whether you’re searching for single or multiple targets, AxION Solo allows you to take the fast, easy way to clear, confident analytical results.