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Infrared (IR) and near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy are fast, easy-to-use techniques with a history of being used for food applications such as those for measuring protein, moisture, and fat content. Food fraud and adulteration has become of particular concern to the industry over the past few years following reports of incidents in the media, with herbs and spices identified as one of the key problem areas.
This paper explores the numerous challenges materials scientists and engineers face, from the time it takes to bring new materials to market to the difficulties delivering suitable formulations and testing against specified criteria, and how those can be resolved.
With the potential to treat a wide range of disease, from organ damage to congenital defects, stem cell research and tissue engineering form the underlying basis of regenerative medicine. Significant advances in the science of skin regeneration, for example, have now made it possible to develop and grow artificial skin grafts in a lab for treatment of burn victims. Other therapeutic applications include the use of stem cells to treat and repair central nervous system diseases such as ischemia and cerebral palsy, cardiovascular diseases, as well as autoimmune diseases including type I diabetes.
The United States Pharmacopeia (USP) has announced that its new standards for elemental impurities in drug products has been implemented since January 1, 2018. General Chapters <232> and <2232> specify the list of elements and their permissible daily exposure (PDE) limits based on the route of administration.
NIR Spectroscopy is a useful technique for raw materials identification and verification, but the sophistication of the technique might differ based on the sample. If the materials to be identified are spectroscopically dissimilar, it is often only necessary to use a simple distance measure such as a spectral difference for identification. If the spectra are similar, on the other hand, it may be necessary to use more sophisticated techniques which take into consideration both the intra- and inter-material spectral variation for identification and classification. The SIMCA (Soft Independent Modelling of Class Analogy) algorithm, a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method, provides such an example.
X-ray CT imaging is commonly used for skeletal imaging as bones are densely mineralized tissues with excellent x-ray attenuation properties. In contrast, soft, less dense tissues often prove to be challenging to image due to their lack of sufficient tissue density. Soft tissues such as muscle, blood vessels and internal organs share similar x-ray attenuation characteristics and are not distinguishable under typical CT settings. In order to introduce density that would improve soft tissue contrast, several contrast agents have been developed for use in clinical and preclinical settings. This application note outlines the use of iodine and nanoparticle-based contrast agents for imaging soft tissues and vasculature in various organs using the Quantum GX to gain further insights into disease and therapeutic response.
Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is an important technique for materials checking at various stages of the manufacturing process, but is particularly useful at the raw materials inspection stage. Raw materials come in a variety of physical forms including liquids, gels, and solids, requiring a versatile instrument with convenient, interchangeable sampling modules to cater to the entire range of raw materials encountered.
The promise of high-content screening is the acceleration of discovery by extracting as much relevant information as possible from cells. Nevertheless, a large percentage of high-content screens analyze only a small number of image-based properties. As a result, valuable information from precious cells and disease models is not utilized. As nearly all screening approaches require a nuclear counterstain such as Hoechst to facilitate segmentation, phenotypic profiling of the nuclei can offer new and additional perspectives on assays at no extra cost.
Herbal lifestyle products are widely used as alternatives to medicines around the world, with as many as 80% of people using them as a primary source of healthcare in developing countries. These treatments are commonly regarded by scientific papers, and on some occasions the media, as being inferior to orthodox treatment. This is due to the variation between herbal formulations which will not be present in so called ‘single-chemical’ drugs. The reasons for the aforementioned variation involve several factors including storage, environmental conditions, handling and unintentional or intentional contamination (adulteration).
With an inherent toxicity, a tendency to accumulate in the food chain and a particularly low removal rate through excretion, lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) cause harm to humans even at low concentrations.
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis and affects a considerable portion of the elderly population. In the U.S., it is estimated that more than 630 million people worldwide have this chronic condition, generally in the knees. OA occurs when the cartilage that cushions the ends of bones within the joints gradually deteriorates, causing synovitis and joint deformation.
The goal of OA research is to identify new therapeutic strategies that could prevent, reduce, halt progression, or repair the existing damage to the joint. Non-invasive in vivo imaging such as microCT is the standard modality for bone research due to its ability to obtain high-resolution images at an x-ray dose low enough as not to harm the animal. This makes microCT ideal for monitoring disease progression and response to treatments in the same animal over time. However, microCT data visualization and analysis can be cumbersome and time consuming. In this application note, we compared standard microCT software and advanced bone software to investigate bone erosion in an OA rat model.
Measuring the amount of metals in CNTs presents a challenge. High levels can be measured directly in the solid by several techniques, including XRF and TEM, while low-level analysis requires complete digestion of the sample prior to analysis by ICP-OES or ICP-MS.
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The affordable and compact JANUS® G3 BioTx Pro Automated Workstation enables consistent, time-saving small-scale protein purification and sample preparation for analytical protein characterization required to support quality by design experimentation in both upstream and downstream processes.
Ideal Workstation for:
The EnVision 2105 multimode plate reader provides exceptional speed, ultra-high throughput, and maximum sensitivity across all detection technologies. Tried and tested, the EnVision microplate reader gives you robust performance and reliable data for high throughput screening, time after time.
The EnVision 2105 model delivers even higher sensitivity for time-resolved fluorescence (TRF) applications, and the Enhanced Security software option includes tools to facilitate 21 CFR Part 11 compliance for integration into regulated environments (GxP). In addition, the Alpha 775 laser module is designed for plant assays.
For laboratories needing a high-performance atomic absorption (AA) spectrometer, the PinAAcle™ 900H is a combined flame/furnace system with continuum source background correction.
Because different laboratories have different needs, we provide a full suite of powerful software tools for the PinAAcle 900H, starting with the innovative and easy-to-use Syngistix™ for AA Express, the more comprehensive Syngistix for AA standard software, or you can add on the special Syngistix Enhanced Security™ option that fulfills the special needs of highly regulated laboratories, such as those operating under the rules of 21 CFR Part 11.
